Hair

The following is a work of fiction.

I have brown hair.  Not like my two older sisters, who both have this beautiful long spun-gold hair.  They got that from my mom; that, and their warm brown eyes that look like chocolate dipped in honey.

I’m my dad’s daughter.  Short and thin, with eyes that aren’t quite green and aren’t quite blue.  And, of course, the hair.  I keep it short, cut straight across the bottom. It’s so thick and lank and heavy, curling just a bit at the ends, that just having it on my head feels like a sin.  And my hair isn’t the only thing wrong with me, either.

 

My oldest sister, the one with the husband and three beautiful children, is a math professor at an elite college on the West Coast.  My other sister was a math major too, before she took a hiatus one semester shy of graduation.  A hiatus, they said.  But we all knew she wouldn’t be coming back.

Me, I never understood math all that well.  I used to drive my sisters crazy asking for homework help.  You’d have to be a dummy not to understand partial fractions, they said.  And I was.  I was, and am, not at their level – intellectually.  I got into this school, and bullshitted my way through three years of chemistry, on hard work and guts.  Trying to drive out the demons.

When we were all little, I was the bad one.  I always acted up, stealing my sisters’ things, getting put in timeout at school for scratching another kid until they bled.  I don’t know.  I was just angry, all the time, angry because I wasn’t Georgia, the smart one, or Genie, the pretty one.  I was just me.  Jane, plain as white bread.

I used to take dance classes.  I’d throw myself into the routines and the exercises, willing myself to become stronger and leaner, to stand out in something, at least.  One night, my dad was late picking me up from class.  All the girls went home while I sat in the lobby and watched episode after episode of 7th Heaven.  Finally someone came to pick me up.  It wasn’t my dad, or my mom either.  She said she was a nurse.  I asked her for the password, the one my dad and I had come up with to make sure that no evil stranger ever picked me up off the streets, and she told it to me.  Peanut butter pancakes.

My dad passed away that night, by his own hand.  He lost his battle with schizophrenia at last, after all the nights of arguing, the long walks down hot desert streets, the “vacations” he’d taken.  From that moment on, we all lived in the shadow, darker than my hair.  The fear that one of us girls would be chosen, by some twist of fate or genetics, to inherit the illness.

Genie broke with it during her senior year.  Her roommate found her huddled on the sill of their open window, telling an invisible secret agent that she wouldn’t let him track her movements through the gold fillings in her mouth.  She went to the hospital, then a group home, where she got sicker.  Even now, with the medication, she isn’t her old self.  She’s flat, somehow, like part of her has died.  She doesn’t want to go back to school.  She couldn’t help me with my p-chem homework one night.  She works in a restaurant washing dishes.

So there’s all that.

But then there’s my dad, who used to teach chemistry in high school.  His hair went gray early, but I remember looking at old pictures of him and my mom together.  Smiling on the slopes of Aspen, dancing on a Mexican beach.  Mom asked him out, not the other way around – he was too shy – but his face never ceased to light up around her.  She was his entire world, the one person clear in all his fogs.  His hair a ruffled seal-brown.  I often imagine them in their early married days, perhaps during their honeymoon in France, flicking soap suds at each other over the dishes, sleeping in late wrapped in each other’s arms.

One afternoon I came to him crying.  The girls at school had once again made fun of my thick eyebrows, my overly full face, my long round nose.  When I told Genie on the bus ride home, she simply answered, “So?  It’s true.”

“Dad,” I said, “why do I have to have plain brown hair?  It looks so ugly on me.  No one’s ever going to love me.  I’m ugly and stupid and I’m going to have to pullweeds for a living, since that’s what I am.”

Dad simply said, “Come here,” and took me into the bathroom.  Here, he cupped my straggly hair back from my face.  ”Who do you see in that mirror?”

“Me,” I replied, trying to stop the tears.

He sighed.  ”You look so much like your mother – minus the hair, of course.  She’s not pretty, you know.  No outside observer would look twice at her, she says, and maybe she’s right.  But you know what?  To me – to us – she’s beautiful.

And she’s not just beautiful because of what she looks like, either.  She’s beautiful because we love her, and we love her because of what’s inside of her.  Just like we love you, not because of your funny little nose, but because you’re smart and kind and charming.  And that lasts.”

I looked up at him and sniffed.  His eyes, muddy blue like mine, were sincere and lucid.  Yep, he meant it.  ”You … really think I’m smart?”

He laughed.  ”Yes.  Who helped me grade all those tests last week?  Genie?  No, she’s too busy brushing her hair and trying on makeup.  Nah, it was you.  You getchemistry.  And that makes me happy.”

Gosh, no one could make me feel smart and pretty like my dad.  No one else has, either.  I’ve never had a boyfriend, unless you count the one who stood me up for senior prom.  I live in fear of failing a class, being kicked out of school, or – worse, waking up one day in a white hospital bed, restraints on my wrists.

I used to hate my dad.  I still do, sometimes, because he abandoned his family, because he dared to pass on his flawed genes, because I cringe a little every time I look in the mirror and see the big muddy mess on my head.

But there are other times.  Like when I get a Skype call from my sister and her littlest son, the one with my dad’s eyes.  Or when I ace a neurochem test and walk out of that classroom with a little swing in my step.  Or last spring, at the academic awards dinner, when my mentor, who was also my orgo professor, raised her glass: “To Jane Smith, the most talented – and most beautiful – student I’ve had in a very long time.”

Times like that, I remember holding onto my dad’s hand and looking into his eyes as he tells me I am beautiful and loved.  I remember Genie’s hugs on Christmas morning, and how her hair always smelled like freshly mown grass and mountain air.  I remember, and I smile, because life is for the living.

Then, as I get ready for the next class or interview or luncheon, I pop a hand mirror out of my bag and check my appearance, the round, bookish face, the somber blue-green eyes, the potatoish nose.  Oh, and the hair.

“Who do you see in that mirror, Jane?”

“Me, Dad.  I see me.”

Rice OAK And the Fate of Kindness

(First of all, let me apologize for the way this wordpress is turning out! I didn’t mean for it to be so personal and full of slightly creepy anecdotes. But hey, that’s the way my life is going right now. My deepest apologies.)

Last night, on Tumblr, I got into a pretty bad argument with a few social justice bloggers. I don’t even really remember what it was about, but it ended in this, when I apologized to one of them in a message and met with the most bitter and jaded response I could have hoped for:

n/a

The main thing about this was that I had never been belittled like that in my life.  I’d never had my kindness (genuine, mind you) rebuffed, never been called a bad person or oppressor, and certainly never had my depression and anxiety disorder, which has been as constant a part of my life as the color of my eyes, referred to as “privileged tears.”

At first I didn’t know what to do.  When I came up with Owl Acts of Kindness in May of this year, I knew in a sort of abstract way that some people would be suspicious of random acts of kindness, and worse, reject them rudely.  Let’s face it, not everyone in this world is as nice (or tolerant) as we’d like them to be.

In this case, I felt like I had finally run into one of those high school cliques that I mostly managed to avoid during my actual time in high school.  This was the culmination of a long history of more minor fights on social media websites and my growing confusion about what I was and was not allowed to say and to whom.  I assume Brittany wanted me to be terribly upset and to change my ways – to no longer be “hateful.”

But I wasn’t upset.  I actually laughed, if sadly, at the amount of unleashed anger I could feel behind her words.  And I’ll not change my ways.

I have been, over the course of my life, very sad and very angry about various social causes.  I’ve stood up for my differently-abled friends and argued for hours about contraception and other areas of politics.  There have also been times when I just hated the entire world, and I was rude to professors and friends and total strangers, because (for some reason or another) I could not be kind to myself.

That’s what sincere kindness is.  One cannot be truly kind to others unless they first accept and love themselves, completely and without constraint.  Any other kindness reeks of the passive-aggressive.  To me, someone who hates themselves and gives kindness to others (and I’ve done this many times in the past) is crying, “Give me some recognition, tell me that I am good.”  True change and positivity begins with oneself.

Some people don’t want kindness.  They’ll toss the gift basket you spent hours making.  They’ll spit your attempt at apology in your face.  And that’s fine.  Do not ever let someone’s reaction to an act of kindness cause you to become bitter and morose. First, because you can’t control other people, you can only control your interaction with the world; second, because rarely are we alone, and you never know who else might be watching, and who might really benefit from seeing such kindness.

Dear reader, I am proud to announce that OAK is going absolutely nowhere.  It’s staying right at Brown where it began, and with a little luck, it will soon be all over campus.  I don’t believe in false kindnesses, passive-aggressive snark, or sarcasm.  In the end, though, it’s totally irrelevant what you believe about me, because what actually matters is what you do the next time you see someone in need.

Be strong, carry your head high, and keep most all of Tumblr in your thoughts.  It looks like they’re going to need it.  (:

 

Ten Things I Learned About College During Freshman Year (Part I)

It’s July again, and college assignments for the incoming freshmen are out.  I’ve seen proud declarations from newly minted Sidizens, Hanszenites, and Duncaroos (but no Will Ricers yet … where ARE you people?)

Regardless of what college you were sorted into, if you’re reading this and you are part of the class of 2016 (2017 if you’re unlucky or in architecture), congratulations!  From the bottom of my heart.  I know you’ll love your new home.

All this commotion has got me to thinking about my own entrance into the world of Brown almost exactly a year ago, and my own O-week experience in August of 2011.  I was so young then, so innocent, so … skinny.  I thought I knew what I needed to know to get by, but goodness, I couldn’t have been more wrong.  In a way that made my first year more fun … however, there are still certain things I did during freshman year that make me want to disappear under the bed when I think back on them.

Therefore, for your education and/or amusement, I present to you the ten most important things I learned during my freshman year:

1. Your Roommate Is Your Best Friend.

Seriously, you guys.  This is the number one most important thing you have to remember. You also have to remember that your roommate has most likely had little or no experience with long-term roommates, and s/he is as nervous as you are.
Roommates at Rice are generally well matched; this doesn’t mean that there aren’t some bad matches, however.  If you just absolutely hate your roommate, talk to him/her right away, or if that doesn’t help, go to your masters and they’ll help you work it out.
The reason that it’s important to do this immediately is because your roommate really does end up becoming your best friend.  S/he is the first to know if you’re sick or upset or having trouble with friends or in school, and at least in my situation, she’s the first person I come to with my problems.  Your roommate may not be one of those friends you hang out with in the outside world, but when it comes to the most difficult and personal of problems, s/he is always going to have your back … even if s/he just wants to shut you up so s/he can get some sleep.
This also, sadly, means you have to be nice to your roommate, barring a few stress-related or hormonally charged snaps.  You do not want an unresolved argument chilling the atmosphere in your room, and you certainly don’t want someone who is angry at you sharing your sleeping space.
2. You Will Fail Your First Midterm.
My first midterm was in Psych 101.  I managed to get a 90% (it WAS a 90, stupid TA who didn’t round up the .55%) but the next midterm, Chem 121, was a killer.  I had never, ever, ever, gotten anything less than a B on a test in high school, and suddenly there I was, looking at this tiny red 60 on my score sheet.  Basically everyone got a bad grade on that first exam.  It was horrible.  Smart kids weeping everywhere, drowning their sorrows in ice cream.
My advice?  Study your butt off for that first midterm, but don’t be surprised if you get a worse grade than you were expecting.  Studying for college isn’t like studying in high school; you need to understand the concepts more than just slugging through busy work, and finding a study plan that works for you is more a process of trial and error than anything else.

Here are some things that failing a midterm doesn’t mean:

  • You will fail the course.
  • You will be put on probation.
  • You will get kicked out of school.
  • You’ll never get into grad/med school.
  • You’re stupid/unworthy/useless.
As my master once said about my CHEM midterm, “Your CHEM grade is important – but is just a grade, and so is a very very poor indicator of your intelligence and a completely useless indicator of your worth.”  
So don’t sweat it.  Put that midterm aside and go downstairs and have some tea and a chat with a friend.  Think about it – with three midterms a class and eight classes a year, that’s ninety-six midterms.  And you just completed one.  Calm yo’self.
3. Get Enough Sleep.
I get at least eight hours of sleep a night.  Every night.  I don’t understand people who use the night as their free time.  It makes sense if you’re studying, cramming, or trying to finish homework, but if you budget your time wisely you’ll see that all-nighters become few and far between.
More sleep means less stress, more retained information, more energy, less weight gain, and a happier mood overall.  Better grades?  Well, there have been a few studies linking consistent procrastination to poorer GPA’S, but I’m too lazy to dig them up right now.  I’ll do it later.
4. The Other Colleges Aren’t Really That Bad.
I love Beer Bike as much as the next girl, but sometimes intercollegiate rivalry can get a bit out of hand (particularly when fueled by alcohol.)  Here’s the straight up truth – all of the colleges are filled with a mix of great, smart, friendly people, and … well … bad apples.  (Truthfully, though, I’ve met very few “bad apples” at Rice.)  Yes, Martel IS a college, Will Rice DOES have nice people, and Jones, while they may be ardent animal lovers, respects all creatures’ right to bodily integrity.

When you hear anti-cheers directed at your college, sometimes it’s hard not to leap a tree and just go for that depraved heathen.  But control yourself.  Anti-cheers are less the actions of a bully and more those of an annoying but loving sibling.  And you know what my favorite part of cheer rally is?  When all those asinine college cheers and anti-cheers stop and everyone starts up “RICE, FIGHT.  NE-VER DIE.”

Because above all, we’re Rice.  And we can take comfort in the fact that, working together, all of us colleges can beat the crap out of Texas A&M any day.

5. Your Professors Are Human.

Let me begin with a charming anecdote about my first (and hopefully, only) 200-level social sciences course, ASIA 212 (Perspectives on Modern Asia.)  I, being a science major used to writing cut-and-dry descriptions of gel electrophoresis, was extremely nervous sitting in that class on the first day of school.  As the deadline for the first essay approached, I remained tongue-tied (finger-tied?)  I decided to go to a student organization meeting one night, just to get away from the blank Word document, and what did I find?
One of my ASIA 212 professors!
We only talked for about ten minutes, but at the end of that time I felt so much more confident about the course.  He gave me advice and told me I’d do fine (“most students get  high B’s or above,”) and the best part was, when I got home, I sat down at my desk, imagined I was telling him all about what I’d learned so far in the class, and the words just poured forth.
I was lucky with my chemistry professor, too.  I stormed into his office one day, intending to give him a piece of my mind, and instead sat down and burst into tears.  We talked for perhaps half an hour, enough for him to remember my name and call on me when he saw my hand in class.
As you can tell, I really love my professors and I hope to keep in touch with all of them, even though I no longer take their classes.  It’s a huge bonus to you and your professor if you take the time to go to their office hours and ask questions in class.  You’ll learn more in an active environment, and you’ll show the professor that you’re interested in his/her subject, and the professor gains a new friend!
Yes, it’s true!  You can become friends with your professors, especially at Rice, where the classes are so small.  And it’s an incredible experience if you do.  Any given professor has gone through years and years of education to get to where s/he is today, and is so in love with his/her area of expertise that s/he could talk about it for hours, so if you have a question – any question at all – trust me.  Go to the office hour.  In fact … run there.

A Love Story

This is a story about a boy and a girl who met on the Internet.  They were both nineteen; the girl had just finished her first year of college with less than perfect grades, and was browsing Tumblr one day in search of interesting scientific facts.  Meanwhile, the boy, while planning to leave within two months for the Navy, had posted an excerpt from The Hot Zone, a nonfiction book about a very special virus.

The girl found the post.  She hadn’t realized she missed the essence of BCB so much.  The beauty and intricacy had been lost in mounds of chemistry and calculus.  She shut down the computer and picked up her own copy of The Hot Zone, but not before she bookmarked the boy’s Tumblr for later.

This girl was a poet.  At least, she had once thought of herself as one.  She hadn’t written poetry for a very long time, though, and the part of her brain which dealt with creative writing was slowly starting to wither away.  She couldn’t imagine what would be worth writing about anymore, but when the boy started to post his own poetry, she scrolled through a few pieces and suddenly, impulsively, pulled out a pen.

He was so different from her, she thought.  He had his entire life planned out (so it seemed.)  He was a better poet than she was, a better student, and he was entering the armed forces, which made him the first person she had ever known to do that.  She felt awkward, talking to him – awkward and sad.  They lived only fifteen minutes apart, but it might as well have been light years.

One day, he made a post about not having enough money to go to college and become a viral pathologist like he’d always dreamed.  He wrote about UTMB, his dream school, and how he’d always had to work hard.  He wrote about his love for Ebola and the other Filoviridae.  She was amazed – she couldn’t believe anyone else could feel that way about Ebola, much less the other Filoviridae, Lassa and Marburg.

It was scary, how much their stories fit together.  Her family wasn’t a rich one.  They had pooled their meager resources, along with significant government assistance, to send her to her dream school.  And writing to him, all the passion came back.  She remembered why she had sacrificed so much and fought for so long to get to where she was.  She began to carry herself with pride, to hold her head up again.

She no longer thought her academic career was over.

This is a love story, although it is not about a love between a boy and a girl.  This is not even about friendship in the traditional sense, since for all I know this boy and girl may never meet.  It isn’t necessary that they meet, for the good has already been done.

This, dear reader, is a story about the love of a student for the subject they were meant to follow.  At times we all get weak and lose our way.  Some of us, unfortunately, may never regain the courage to continue our journey to its bittersweet end.  Some of us are lucky, though, and meet another apprentice in the same rigorous discipline, someone who steadies our load and gives us safety, if only for a moment.

This is for you, BC.  Thank you for giving me back my reason to keep going.

Basketball Saved My Life (No Really, It Did.)

When I was in elementary school, I took dance classes.  I must have taken them for five or six years before I decided to drop them.  I can remember standing in front of the wall-to-floor mirror in the studio in my black leotard and tights (it was a jazz class.)  I had begun to develop earlier than most of my classmates, drawing taunts and sidewise glances from every corner.

(I guess now would be a good time to mention that I, like many other people, hear comments that are meant to be asides, but unlike many other people, I remember them.  So I clearly remember being measured for a costume one day and my hips being measured at 40 inches.  Forty inches? whispered another girl, whose slender prepubescent hips seemed to mock mine.)

I quit dance just in time for P.E. classes in middle school, which were another form of torture.  I dreaded being pushed out on the court and field.  The only thing I excelled at was weight lifting – I could bench more weight than any other girl in my class (70 pounds!)  The pretty, popular girls were the ones who could play with the boys, the ones who joined the cheer squad, the ones who weren’t afraid to wear Spankies and shorts.

(Later on in high school I assisted the middle school volleyball team despite having little experience in volleyball.  I was demonstrating a serve one day when the coach decided to work on my technique, and, exasperated, said something along the lines of “You’ve got those big hips, now use them!”  I quit the job.)

As I began high school, I had pretty much resigned myself to my fate.  I did well in school, despite having few friends, and I thought I was content to reign supreme in academics.  Until my dad begged me to join a sport.  You lead a sedentary life, he said.  It was true.  I didn’t walk or ride a bike.  I had no interest in my dad’s active lifestyle.  I preferred to stay home on the Internet, but his words conjured up an image of a 300-pound Amber being ostracized in her freshman year of college, so I agreed to join a varsity team.

Since the only sport I even remotely knew how to play was basketball, that’s what I joined.

The other girls who came to tryouts had all had experience in elementary and middle school.  They wore basketball shorts and slim-cut T-shirts, while I had come to tryouts in a yoga shirt and my school uniform skort.  I felt hopelessly depressed and idiotic.

I collapsed during my first set of suicides.  I lay there trying to convince my lungs to keep working while the coaches fussed over me and the other girls, I was sure, gossiped about my soft and unathletic physique.  That’s it, I thought.  I have failed tryouts and now I am destined for a life of sadness and pain.  

But I made it onto the team, because it was a small school and they needed people on the bench.  So I returned to that gym on Thursday, and every Monday and Thursday after that.

I can’t remember what we were doing when it happened.  It was some sort of drill, perhaps passing or lay-ups or whatnot, and I, as usual, was the worst out of all the girls.  We formed two lines waiting for our turn, and as I set off on my run, I clearly heard the girl behind me say to her friend, “She’s so bad.”

I had two options at that time: to admit that the girl was right and to quit the team forever, or to take horrific, savage umbrage at her remark and do everything in my power to prove her wrong.  For the first time in my life, I chose the second option.

The next three seasons were full of triumph and pain.  I got my first black eye.  I scored six points against the top-ranking team in the league.  I fell in love with a young man from the local Jewish high school, and when he unwisely discarded my affections I took great pleasure in fouling the girls on their basketball team.  One year we ranked fourth in the league.  I traveled to the ghetto and the res’ and the most exclusive neighborhoods in Scottsdale, gradually gaining confidence (and losing a little bit of weight, which wasn’t a bad thing either.)

Basketball was the first thing I had come across in which I was not automatically the best. Now that I am at Rice, there are many other things which I have not mastered and probably never will master.  But thanks to that one annoying girl who happened to be in line behind me, every time I see people pity me for my poor chemistry grade or hear someone invite everyone else in the room except me out for dinner, I only smile.  I invite myself out to dinner.  I throw myself on that chemistry so that no one might ever have cause to pity me again.

You see, in the grand scheme of things, you only have two options: to admit that you are not the best and give up, or to fight your way, tooth and claw, onward.

I am eternally glad that I chose the second option.

 

Why I Am A Science Major

I love to write.  I love the English language so much.  It is such a bastard, a mixture of all the other languages in the world, and so it is probably rightful that we speak it in the United States, this worn-out little patchwork quilt of a country.

Unfortunately, I am not a writer.  I used to think I was, but after reading my friend’s recent blog posts I have realized that there is absolutely no way I could attain that level of perfection, and I really don’t want to try.

So what am I, exactly?  And why on earth did I choose BCB as my major, knowing full well it’s one of the most difficult majors at Rice?

This is why.

Ebola is a filovirus, one of the only viruses on earth that can knot itself into intricate twists and turns.  (Most viruses are round little fat things.)  It was first recognized in Yambuku, Zaire, in 1976, when a male teacher presented to a mission with what was initially assumed to be malaria.

Ebola is one of the most famous viruses in history, and rightfully so.  I won’t go into the details of what it does to people and other primates here in the interest of taste, but I will tell you that it is dangerous and gory and it is the absolute essence of wildness.

It’s beautiful.

Viruses can’t be tamed.  They are completely untouchable.  They have been here for hundreds and thousands and millions of years, and when you look at them under a microscope you get the feeling that you are looking into a perfect and crystalline world.

And that is why I chose BCB as my major.  That is why I subject myself to physics and Calc II and orgo, and moreover, why I subject myself to people thinking I am morbid because I love disease.  Because the stories of Ebola and hantavirus, among other viruses and bacteria, are tangled up in history and sociology and medicine.  Because they, more than any civilization or invention, shape our past and future.

I want to understand this world.  I want so badly to understand the chemicals and tiny creatures beneath my own skin.  After eighteen years, I’ve found a place where I belong.

 

In Which America Becomes Even Fatter and More Sad

According to the Star-Telegram, one-third of all American adults are obese.  In about 15 years, that number will rise to 42%.

That’s really, really scary, especially in conjunction with another statistic: more than one in every ten Americans takes an antidepressant.

We’re getting fat.  Fat and sad.  Which is understandable.

I am inundated, every day, with healthy tips and tricks, workout motivations, too-perfect bodies, and it makes me hate myself.  Why?  Because I am normal.  My BMI is 21.  I’m not an athlete, but for a biochem major, perhaps that is to be expected.

What worries me about the increase in overweight and obese adults and teenagers is that very soon I expect to see a corresponding rise in eating disorders, low self-esteem, and yes, depression.

Here’s one reason: eating disorders don’t necessarily make you skinny.  Look, I know it’s a shock.  But many young people suffer from bulimia and BDD (body dysmorphic disorder – basically the binging without the purging of bulimia) and neither of those disorders automatically make you thin.  Even anorexics may be puffed up with edema and gas retention to the point of looking to be a normal weight.  The point is: you cannot judge the health of a person based on their appearance alone.

I’m going to relate to you a very common pathway towards BDD, obesity, and depression – one I fight every day, incidentally.  A young woman sees workout tips or skinny models or belittling media.  She goes on a strict diet-and-exercise regime, which, because she is only human, only lasts a few weeks.  She sees her failure, is depressed, and spends a night with Ben, Jerry, and Dr. Pepper.  The next day she looks in the mirror, thinks “God, I look disgusting,” and the whole cycle begins again.

I wish the media would put more of an emphasis on the fact that obesity, while a disease, is not a sin.  There is absolutely no reason to feel depressed about yourself, even if you are so large you cannot get up to go to the bathroom.  You are still alive and that means the fight is not over.  No obesity is irreversible.

We need a better support network in this society.  We need to spread a message of unconditional love, a message which has been sadly lacking in recent years, as evidenced by the weight and antidepressant statistics.

Better yet, we need the media to stop being so two-faced.  Stop showing us airbrushed models and then turning around and belittling us for being fat, media.  Good God, aren’t there enough problems in this country without you throwing this extra straw on our humped backs?

Biochemistry Review II – Electric Boogaloo!

Continuing the saga, we now shall discuss fractionation and SDS-PAGE!  Again, all of this information may be found on the OWL-SPACE and OWLNET sites for this course.

Fractionation

I hate blood.  I really do.  Most of the time I’m okay with it, but I occasionally have bad days where I just really, really cannot stand the sight of blood.  I refer you to Angels in America, specifically the scene where Al Pacino yanked his IV out of his arm and then would NOT stop bleeding all over everything.  Meanwhile, I had to go donate blood that week.  How do you think that went?

Anyways, if you don’t like blood I suggest you skip right the heck over this part because fractionation is all about blood, more precisely, separating blood into its composite parts.  In lab we used horse blood, but I guess any old sort of blood will work too.

Blood is easy to fractionate because it consists of two main parts: cells and plasma.  Basically you start with 2-3 mL of whole blood in a centrifugation tube and dilute it with several times that of isotonic solution.  Then you centrifuge it for a short period of time (~10 min) at low speed to separate the dilute plasma from the blood cells.  Pipette some of that straw-colored stuff and save it.  That’s fraction #1.

Then resuspend the pellet and centrifuge it to wash off any excess plasma .  You’ll be left with a tiny blob of red stuff, which you need to resuspend in hypotonic solution to pump liquid into the cells and make them burst.  Life is cruel.  Centrifuge that blood again and reserve some of the darkish reddish liquid up top, which is lysate.  Fraction #2.  After some more centrufigation, the material in the tube will have separated into two parts – take a sample of the top part.  This is cytosol (fraction #3, intracellular fluid, heck of a lot of protein.)

The pinkish stuff that now appears near the bottom of the tube is cell membrane.  Your goal is to make it as white as possible. Pipette off all the remaining cytosol. Wash it.  Wash it many times.  Awesome; that’s fraction #4.  You’re done!

Well, not quite yet, because first you need to conduct a protein assay, which is a lot less painful than it sounds!

The assay used in this lab was a Bradford assay, developed by the (in)famous Marion Bradley, who was also, contrary to my earlier beliefs, a dude.  The Bradford assay is sensitive to about 5-200 micrograms protein, and is based off the observation that Coomassie Blue (named after, in case anyone cares, Kumasi, Ghana) changes absorbance values when binding to protein, and also produces a visible color change.  In order to perform such an assay, one needs several standards (solutions containing known amounts of protein, for this lab being protein from bovine serum albumin – cow blood, basically) to measure the absorbance values of.  Then you are able to plot a curve relating protein concentration to absorbance value.  Diluting each of your samples based on their estimated range of protein concentration, you are then able to record their absorbance values and perform a regression based on your standard curve.

(If this doesn’t make any sense to you, don’t worry.  Someone is basically using this lobby as their own personal room, complete with widescreen TV to watch sports on and a nice piano with which to practice incredibly repetitive songs.)

SDS-Page

SDS-page is horrendously complex.  Or rather, it isn’t that complex, but it’s hard to write about and be interested in for very long.  So I’ll try to make this section short.

There is no need to go into the biochemistry/p-chem behind the way SDS-PAGE works.  You can find more of that on Caprette’s old website, if you’re interested.  The basic setup is this: you have an acrylamide gel, you add your blood fractions from above, denatured of course, and stained with a little bromophenol blue dye, you plug the whole thing into an electrical circuit, and the electricity drives the protein molecules down the gel.  The heavier molecules of course don’t go as far as the lighter ones.

Usually, on one or the other side of the gel, you will “run” either a high or low molecular-weight standard set.  The high molecular weight is used in the low-density gels (7% acrylamide) and the low molecular weight is used in the high density gels (15% acrylamide.)  This makes sense if you think about it – high-MW proteins may not even penetrate into a high density gel, and low-MW proteins might run completely off a low-density gel!  You know the molecular weight of these standards, so as before you can construct a standard curve relating the migration distance of each protein to the log of its mass, and conduct a regression from that curve to estimate the molecular weights of the proteins you are interested in.

For le reference, this is what a completed SDS-PAGE gel looks like:

Those heavy bands represent a high concentration of that particular protein, and the lighter bands represent a relative paucity of protein (I enjoy large words in my mouth.)  If two bands are squished close together, they may represent two different isomers of the same protein.  To make matters worse, many proteins have very similar molecular weights, meaning that one band may represent two or more proteins!  No wonder some of those bands are so dark!

Because of all these complications, one can’t decisively identify the proteins in a sample just by looking at a gel, no matter how good it may look.  Analysis of the same gel may even differ from person to person!  That’s why it’s very important to always refer to the results of such an SDS-PAGE run as “apparent molecular weights.”

Here’s another very important thing to do: KEEP THE LID CLOSED WHILE THE GEL IS RUNNING!  Otherwise you end up with something like the above, which is of course unusable.  I’m just happy opening the lid didn’t result in anything worse in this case.  (Death.  I’m talking about death.)

Biochemistry Review I

In light of the approaching -le cough- EVENT tonight, I have decided to describe to you some of the many things I have learned this semester in my BIOC course (disclaimer: all of this information may be found in the OWL-SPACE and OWLNET sites for the course.)

Polarography

Polarography, as applied in this course, is the measurement of dissolved oxygen concentration in a certain solution containing  various substrates and/or poisons and mitochondria.  As the mitochondria continue to respirate, they consume O2 gas, combining it with H+ to form H2O.

What I’ve said above is completely unnecessary to understanding the principle of the polarographic system, which consists of a sealed chamber with the medium inside, a Clark oxygen electrode, and an oxygen monitor, and probably also a stirring apparatus which helps to ensure consistent oxygen diffusion.  As Caprette writes, “The presence of oxygen causes the electrode to deliver a current to the oxygen monitor, which amplifies the current and converts it to a voltage output that is directly proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the chamber. The recorder moves a paper chart at constant speed, so that when the recorder pen moves in response to voltage changes, oxygen content is recorded as a function of time.”

Simple, yes?  Even elegant.  But the principle of the Clark electrode (named after Dr. Leland Clark) is where some gen chem background comes in handy.

That’s Dr. Clark.  He’s obviously awesome.  Let’s move on.

A Clark electrode, like most electrodes, consists of two half cells connected by a salt bridge.  The anode is made of solid silver (shiny!) and the cathode is made of solid platinum, which reacts with dissolved hydrogen and oxygen ions to form water.  As the platinum’s electrons are used up, electrons flow across the salt bridge from the silver anode, which produces silver ions, which combine with dissolved chloride ions (salt, baby!) to produce AgCl buildup on the surface of the anode.  UNfortunately this leaves the positive half the salt molecule behind in solution, feeling sad – but since H+ ions are being consumed by the production of water, the charge remains balanced and everyone is happy.  Good job, Dr. Clark!

That flow of electrons from the anode to the cathode is what is measured in current (proportional to the amount of dissolved oxygen remaining) by the oxygen monitor.  The solution that we used in lab contains approximately .237 micromoles dissolved oxygen per mL at room temperature, which when used with the known volume of the container, can be used to calculate total dissolved oxygen, and even how much oxygen is consumed per unit of time given the slope of the graph!

So, knowing this, here are some rhetorical questions for you: what do differing slopes mean on a polarography graph?  How about a flat or very steep slope?  Additionally, sometimes short dips in the graph may be seen – what does this indicate?  (You might need to use your prior knowledge of biology for that one!)

Microscopy

Your basic compound light microscope looks like this.

The condenser (called the “diaphragm” on the above diagram – hehe) focuses the light from the light source onto the specimen, which would be on the stage.  The condenser is what you control with the coarse and fine focus.  The eyepiece, or ocular, actually magnifies all on its own – usually about 10x.  This, combined with the objective lenses arranged on the turret, makes it easy to see just about anything – depending on what condenser/stage setting you are using.  Common settings include bright field (white background), dark field (black background), and phase contrast (which converts phase shifts in light to different levels of brightness so we can see them.)

It’s important to remember that things don’t always work logically when you’re looking through a microscope.  If you want to move the image in the microscope up, you must move the stage down, and vice versa.  Additionally, the higher power the objective is, the more difficult it is to focus.  I don’t know if you’ve ever stepped back from a microscope that you were using 40x objective on, but if you do you’ll see that the objective is basically touching the slipcover of the specimen.  Use the coarse focus and you might very well crack the objective, which will probably cost 500-1000 dollars to replace.  Always use fine focus when you are using high power objectives!  “Empty” magnification means the enlarging of a blurry picture.  Too bad, you’re probably too close to the specimen to begin with, so back up!

 

 

Unified Field Theory – Tim Joseph

In the beginning there was Aristotle,
And objects at rest tended to remain at rest,
And objects in motion tended to come to rest,
And soon everything was at rest,
And God saw that it was boring.
Then God created Newton,
And objects at rest tended to remain at rest,
But objects in motion tended to remain in motion,
And energy was conserved and momentum was conserved and matter
was conserved,
And God saw that it was conservative.
Then God created Einstein,
And everything was relative,
And fast things became short,
And straight things became curved,
And the universe was filled with inertial frames,
And God saw that it was relatively general, but some of it was
especially relative.
Then God created Bohr,
And there was the principle,
And the principle was quantum,
And all things were quantified,
But some things were still relative,
And God saw that it was confusing.
Then God was going to create Furgeson,
And Furgeson would have unified,
And he would have fielded a theory,
And all would have been one,
But it was the seventh day,
And God rested,
And objects at rest tend to remain at rest.